Understanding Arthritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Arthritis is a condition that causes inflammation, stiffness, and pain in one or more joints. It can affect people of any age, gender, or ethnicity, though it becomes more common with age. There are over 100 different types of arthritis, but the most prevalent forms include osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones wears down over time.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, causing inflammation and damage.
Other less common types include gout, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and lupus-related arthritis.
Common Causes and Risk Factors of Arthritis
While the exact cause of arthritis depends on its type, several risk factors can increase an individual’s likelihood of developing the condition.
1. Age
Age is one of the most significant risk factors for arthritis. As people grow older, the body’s ability to repair and regenerate cartilage diminishes. This natural wear and tear on the joints over the years increases the risk of developing osteoarthritis. However, rheumatoid arthritis can develop at any age, even in young adults.
2. Genetics
Family history plays an important role in arthritis development. Certain genes are linked to an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune forms. If arthritis runs in your family, you may be more susceptible to the condition, especially when combined with environmental triggers like infections or physical stress.
3. Joint Injuries
A previous joint injury, such as a fracture, ligament tear, or dislocation, can predispose the joint to osteoarthritis later in life. Even if the injury heals completely, the damaged cartilage and surrounding tissues may be more vulnerable to future wear and tear.
4. Autoimmune Disorders
Autoimmune conditions, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. In the case of RA, the immune system targets the lining of the joints, leading to chronic inflammation, pain, and joint destruction.
5. Obesity
Carrying excess body weight increases the strain on joints, especially those that bear weight like the knees, hips, and spine. The added pressure accelerates cartilage breakdown, leading to early onset of osteoarthritis. Additionally, fat tissue produces inflammatory chemicals that may worsen arthritis symptoms.
6. Infections
Certain viral or bacterial infections can trigger inflammation in the joints. For example, reactive arthritis occurs after an infection in another part of the body, such as the urinary or gastrointestinal tract.
7. Occupation and Lifestyle
Jobs that involve repetitive motion, heavy lifting, or prolonged kneeling can contribute to joint stress and eventual arthritis. Athletes, laborers, and office workers alike can develop arthritis due to repetitive strain or poor posture.
Symptoms of Arthritis
Joint Pain
Persistent or intermittent joint pain is the hallmark symptom of arthritis. It may worsen after physical activity or long periods of inactivity. The pain can be sharp or dull and may fluctuate in intensity depending on inflammation levels.
Joint Stiffness
Stiffness, particularly in the morning or after sitting for extended periods, is another defining feature of arthritis. It may make daily activities such as walking, dressing, or gripping objects difficult.
Swelling and Inflammation
Inflammation around the affected joints can cause visible swelling. In autoimmune forms like RA, this swelling is often accompanied by warmth and tenderness due to the buildup of fluid and inflammatory cells.
Redness and Warmth
Inflamed joints often appear red and feel warm to the touch. This occurs as blood flow increases to the affected area, a natural response of the body to inflammation.
Fatigue and Weakness
Many people with rheumatoid arthritis experience chronic fatigue, loss of appetite, and a general feeling of malaise due to ongoing inflammation in the body.
Joint Deformity
In advanced cases, chronic inflammation can lead to joint deformities or misalignment, especially in conditions like RA, where the joint structure is progressively damaged.
Don’t Let Arthritis Control Your Life – Get Expert Care Today!
If you’re experiencing joint pain, stiffness, or swelling, it’s time to take action. At PMC Hospital – Pathankot, our experienced doctors specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis to help you regain mobility and live pain-free.
Book your consultation today and start your journey toward healthier joints!
📞 Consult our experienced doctors today and get a comprehensive arthritis evaluation. Our specialists will guide you through the best treatment options — from lifestyle adjustments and physiotherapy to advanced medical care.
FAQs About Arthritis Causes & Symptoms
Arthritis is a condition that causes inflammation, pain, and stiffness in one or more joints. Over time, it can lead to reduced mobility and joint damage if not treated properly.
Early symptoms of arthritis include joint pain, stiffness (especially in the morning), swelling, redness, and reduced range of motion. Some people also experience fatigue, warmth around the joints, and difficulty performing daily tasks.
Arthritis can result from various factors, including aging, genetics, previous joint injuries, obesity, autoimmune disorders, and infections.
Treatment depends on the type and severity of arthritis but may include:
Medications (pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, DMARDs, biologics)
Physical therapy and exercise programs to improve joint mobility
Lifestyle changes such as weight management and diet modifications
Surgical treatments like joint repair or joint replacement for severe cases
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